Comprehensive Standardization of Agathiyar Kuzhambu: An Indian Traditional Siddha Formulation

Abstract

Background:

Standardisation study of herbo-mineral preparations (HMP) of the traditional medicine system through modern scientific analysis is pivotal to ensure their efficacy, safety, and consistency. This integrates traditional knowledge with modern medicine practice.

Purpose:

The current paper evaluates the ancestral herbomineral formula called Agathiyar Kuzhambu (AK), which has been used as both internal administration and external application medicine for 4,448 types of human body as indicated in the Siddha text. It is an ancestral medicine usually given on the baseline day for purgation to clear excess Vali (Vatham), which is linked to certain morbidities.

Methods:

AK was evaluated based on its physical and chemical properties, drug interactions with genetics and safety, pesticide residues, aflatoxin, heavy metals, and bacterial safety. Microstructural analysis of the plant powder was also carried out to locate primary structural aspects useful in identifying and controlling the standard quality of the medicine. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, moisture content, and extractive values were analysed. HPTLC fingerprinting techniques were used to study the composition of the formulation.

Results:

The physicochemical analysis indicated that pH, moisture content, and extractive values are essential in ensuring that the product remains stable and functions well. The composition of the formulation was heterogeneous, supported by the number of elements identified using HPTLC fingerprinting. Analysis of heavy metals indicated the presence of trace elements which were not beyond the maximum limit. Aflatoxin analysis revealed Aflatoxin B1 at 0.82 µg/kg, and the total aflatoxin content remained within permissible limits, suggesting that the product was free from aflatoxin risk. Pesticide residue analysis showed that all detected chemicals did not exceed allowable levels. Microbiological examination showed minimal contamination within acceptable limits. Collectively, these results showed that AK was orally safe.

Conclusion:

The findings established that AK passed the necessary evaluation parameters regarding identity, purity, strength, and safety. These results advocate the application of AK in controlled conventional medicine.