Clinical Implications of Scapular Dyskinesis in Adhesive Capsulitis: Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Adhesive capsulitis, often referred to as frozen shoulder, is defined by a gradual onset of pain, stiffness, and limited mobility in the glenohumeral joint. This condition typically impacts individuals aged 40 to 60 and is more frequently observed in those with diabetes and various metabolic disorders. Scapular dyskinesis, characterised by changes in scapular positioning and movement, can lead to compromised shoulder function in affected individuals.
Aim: The objective is to assess the occurrence of scapular dyskinesis in individuals diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis and to evaluate its influence on shoulder functionality and clinical presentation.
Materials & Methods: An observational study was carried out involving 30 participants who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The assessment of scapular dyskinesis was conducted utilising the Scapular Assistance Test (SAT), Scapular Retraction Test (SRT), Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST), and Isometric Scapular Pinch Test (ISPT). Demographic variables such as age, gender, and side of involvement were documented.
Results: The predominant age group among participants was 45–54 years, comprising 46.7% of the total, with an average age of 49.87 ± 7.60 years. Women represented 60% of the sample, whereas men made up 40%. There was a noted equal involvement of both the left and right shoulders. The Scapular Assistance Test yielded a positive result in 73.3% of participants, while the Scapular Retraction Test showed a positive outcome in 40%, and the Isometric Scapular Pinch Test demonstrated a positive response in 30%. All participants exhibited a negative result in the Lateral Scapular Slide Test.

Conclusion: A significant occurrence of scapular dyskinesis was noted in individuals with adhesive capsulitis, especially as demonstrated by the Scapular Assistance Test. The findings underscore the significance of evaluating scapular mechanics in the assessment and rehabilitation of frozen shoulder.