Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Osseointegrated Dental Implant Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background

Dental implant therapy is recognized as one of the most predictable and effective methods for replacing missing teeth. Although generally successful, the outcome can be compromised by systemic conditions like diabetes mellitus. This review and meta-analysis were undertaken to determine whether diabetes mellitus increases the risk of dental implant failure.

Introduction

Implants have become a routine solution for both partial and complete edentulism. Their long-term survival is influenced by systemic as well as local factors. Among systemic conditions, diabetes mellitus remains widely debated due to its potential to impair bone healing. Given its high prevalence in clinical practice, understanding its influence on implant success is crucial.

Methodology

A comprehensive electronic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between January 2000 and March 2025. Only investigations comparing implant outcomes in diabetic and non-diabetic patients were included. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model, while heterogeneity was analyzed using the I² statistic.

Results

Eleven studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The pooled results demonstrated that diabetic patients exhibited a significantly higher risk of implant failure compared with non-diabetic controls. Considerable heterogeneity was observed, and subgroup analyses were performed to explore contributing factors.

Conclusion

Diabetes mellitus is significantly associated with increased implant failure rates compared to non-diabetic individual. These findings underscore the importance of thorough medical evaluation, careful case selection, and individualized treatment planning when considering implant therapy in diabetic patients.