Effectiveness of a Standard Protocol Guideline on Knowledge of Essential Newborn Care among Staff Nurses in Private Hospitals of Western India: A Pre-Experimental Study

Abstract

Background:

Neonatal mortality remains a major public health concern in India, with preventable causes contributing significantly to deaths. Essential newborn care (ENC) practices delivered by nurses are crucial; however, knowledge gaps persist due to inadequate continuing education.

Objectives:(1) To assess pre- and post-intervention knowledge levels among staff nurses;

(2) To evaluate the effectiveness of a standard protocol guideline;

(3) To determine the association between knowledge scores and selected demographic variables. 

Methods: A quantitative evaluative approach using a one-group pre-test–post-test pre-experimental design was adopted among 60 staff nurses selected through purposive sampling from three private hospitals in Surat, India. A validated structured questionnaire (maximum score 50; reliability r = 0.87) was used. The intervention comprised a self-instructional protocol guideline based on WHO and national standards. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and chi-square test (p < 0.05) using SPSS.

Results:

The mean knowledge score significantly improved from 30.63 ± 3.04 (61.26%) to 40.65 ± 3.77 (81.30%) (mean difference = 10.02; t = 20.38, p < 0.001). Adequate knowledge increased from 10% to 93.33%. Significant associations were observed with qualification (χ² = 10.33), designation (χ² = 4.033), and socio-economic status (χ² = 11.64).

Conclusion:

The protocol guideline was highly effective in improving knowledge. Incorporating structured educational modules into routine in-service training is recommended to enhance neonatal care quality.