Elevated IL-6 Levels in Severe Preeclampsia: A Comparative Analysis of Obese and Non-Obese Pregnant Women

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a factor that can increase the risk of preeclampsia, which is characterized by metabolic inflammation. Obesity before pregnancy can increase interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels due to increased adipose tissue. Although differences in IL-6 levels between obese and non-obese pregnant women have been widely reported, evidence in cases of severe preeclampsia remains limited.

Objectives: This study examines the association between obesity and IL-6 levels in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis compared women with severe preeclampsia based on obesity status prior to pregnancy or in early gestation. Obesity was classified using the WHO Asia–Pacific criteria. Serum IL-6 concentrations were assessed by ELISA, and group differences were evaluated using independent t tests and chi-square analyses.

Results: The study included 88 women with severe preeclampsia, evenly divided into obese and non-obese groups. Obese participants showed significantly higher IL-6 concentrations than non-obese participants (p < 0.05). However, IL-6 levels were not significantly related to obesity severity, maternal age, educational level, parity, or gestational age (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: IL-6 levels can be a marker of inflammation in cases of severe preeclampsia exacerbated by comorbid obesity. Regular evaluation of IL-6 levels could be considered for obese women prior to pregnancy, potentially helping to mitigate systemic inflammation and the risk of developing severe preeclampsia.