Anti-Microbial Activity of Crude Extract from Neolamarckia Cadamba(L) Seed Against Multi-Drug Resistance Bacteria

Abstract

Introduction:
Neolamarckia cadamba has been widely studied for its various parts; however, research on its seeds remains limited. This study explores a novel approach to seed extraction and evaluates the bioactive potential of the seed extract.

Objective:
To extract and characterize bioactive compounds from Neolamarckia cadamba seeds and to assess their antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Methods:
Mature fruits were collected, processed, and decomposed over seven days to obtain seeds. The dried seeds were cleaned, ground, and subjected to continuous hot percolation using ethanolic extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus for 24–48 hours. The extracts were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV–VIS spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Results:
The extracts contained bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, and flavonoids. GC-MS analysis revealed a significant presence of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which was further confirmed by FT-IR analysis. UV–VIS spectrophotometry showed absorbance peaks between 260–280 nm, indicating polyphenolic compounds. The ethanolic extracts exhibited notable antibacterial activity, with significant inhibition zones at concentrations of 100 and 200 μg/mL and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 20 to 25 µg/mL.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrates that Neolamarckia cadamba seed extract is a promising source of bioactive compounds, particularly DEHP, with effective antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, suggesting its potential for pharmaceutical applications.