Approaches to Sexual Health Risk Reduction among University Students: A Scoping Review of Intervention Strategies and Outcomes

Abstract

Introduction: The transition to university life increases independence and sexual activity, yet students often lack comprehensive sexual health literacy, leaving this demographic at disproportionate risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies.

Objectives: This scoping review maps intervention strategies for sexual health risk reduction among university students, identifying key delivery modes, theoretical frameworks, and reported outcomes.

Methods: Guided by PRISMA-ScR standards, a systematic search was conducted in February 2026 across PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest for English-language studies published between 2020 and 2025. Using the Population–Concept–Context (PCC) framework, 12 studies were selected for final synthesis.

Results: A global shift toward digital and asynchronous intervention models—including eHealth platforms and mobile applications—was identified, prioritising student privacy and scalability. Delivery formats ranged from brief 5-minute modules to intensive 16-week credit-bearing courses. Effective strategies were grounded in behavioural theories such as Protection Motivation Theory and media literacy education to modify sexual scripts and improve self-efficacy. One cohort study reported a significant reduction in risky sexual behaviour from 40.9% to 28.3%. Persistent challenges include attrition rates reaching 40% and the complex intersection of alcohol use and sexual risk behaviour.

Conclusions: Sustainable campus programmes must move beyond biological information toward integrated, theory-driven, user-centred frameworks. Future research should prioritise longitudinal tracking to evaluate long-term behavioural impact.