Causes and Maternal Complications of Intrauterine Fetal Death: A Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Abstract

Introduction: Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) remains a devastating obstetric outcome associated with substantial maternal morbidity and profound psychological impact. Preventable etiologies predominate in developing countries, warranting institution-specific analysis to guide targeted interventions.

Objectives: To identify etiological factors contributing to IUFD, evaluate associated maternal complications, and propose evidence-based preventive strategies applicable to tertiary care settings in South India.

Methods: Retrospective observational study of 150 sonologically confirmed IUFD cases ≥20 weeks gestation at a tertiary care hospital. Medical records were analyzed for maternal demographics, obstetric history, gestational age, IUFD causes, delivery mode, laboratory investigations, maternal complications, and transfusion requirements.

Results: Mean maternal age was 26.8±4.5 years. Leading causes: hypertensive disorders (22.0%), antepartum hemorrhage (18.0%), and congenital anomalies (14.7%). Maternal complications occurred in 42.0% of cases, predominantly postpartum hemorrhage (24.0%). Blood transfusion was required in 18.0%. Vaginal delivery was achieved in 68.0%; mean hospital stay 4.2±2.3 days.

Conclusions: Preventable obstetric complications, particularly hypertensive disorders and antepartum hemorrhage, remain leading IUFD causes. Strengthening antenatal surveillance, early high-risk pregnancy identification, and timely intervention may reduce IUFD incidence and maternal morbidity..