Reversible Smell Loss in Allergic Rhinitis: Clinical Insights and Therapeutic Implications

Abstract

Background: Odor is crucial for flavor, security, and overall well-being, and its absence can disrupt everyday activities. Allergic rhinitis often leads to olfactory impairment, but information regarding its prevalence, severity, and reversibility in Bangladesh is scarce. This study examines smell dysfunction in patients with allergic rhinitis and analyzes treatment results.

Methods: A observational study took place at the ENT Outpatient Department of Cumilla Medical College and Hospital (October 2024–September 2025). Eighty individuals with allergic rhinitis were recruited. Olfactory performance was evaluated with a VAS (1–10) and categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. Patients who were affected were given intranasal corticosteroids and oral antihistamines for four weeks, with results noted as complete, partial, or no recovery.

 Results: In a study involving 80 adults with allergic rhinitis (average age 34 ± 11; 55% female), 63.8% experienced seasonal rhinitis, while 47.5% reported symptoms lasting 1–5 years. Loss of smell happened in 56.3%, primarily moderate. Following four weeks of treatment, 80% showed improvement (37.8% fully, 42.2% partially; VAS 4.9 → 1.7). The highest persistent loss was found in individuals with symptoms lasting over 5 years (28.6%), though it was not statistically significant (χ² = 1.07, p = 0.585).

Conclusion: Loss of smell, primarily moderate, impacted more than half of patients with allergic rhinitis. Treatment enhanced 80% of cases, and prompt intervention can lessen lasting olfactory dysfunction.