Comparison of Lipid Profile Between Obese and Non-Obese Adults Without Known Vascular Comorbidities in a Tertiary Care Setting in North Kerala

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. The present study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North Kerala, examines lipid profile variations between obese and non-obese individuals without known vascular comorbidities. Given the high obesity prevalence and unique dietary habits in this region, this study aims to elucidate obesity-driven lipid abnormalities and their potential implications for cardiovascular risk.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study analyzed 462 participants, categorizing them into obese and non-obese groups based on body mass index (BMI) criteria. Fasting lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), were measured and compared between the groups. Statistical analyses assessed lipid profile differences, sex-specific variations, and associations with lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and smoking status.

Results: This cross-sectional study analyzed 462 participants, categorizing them into obese and non-obese groups based on body mass index (BMI) criteria. Fasting lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), were measured and compared between the groups. Statistical analyses assessed lipid profile differences, sex-specific variations, and associations with lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and smoking status.

Conclusion: This study confirms obesity’s association with atherogenic dyslipidemia, aligning with global findings while highlighting region-specific dietary and lifestyle influences. The observed lipid abnormalities underscore the need for routine lipid screening in obese individuals, even in the absence of vascular comorbidities. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary interventions and increased physical activity, are crucial in mitigating obesity-related dyslipidemia. Future research should explore genetic predispositions, longitudinal lipid variations, and potential interventions tailored to the North Kerala population.