Healthcare Workforce Management Strategies During Health Crises: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Introduction: Health crises have exposed critical weaknesses in healthcare systems worldwide, particularly in terms of workforce management.

Objectives: This review aimed to identify management strategies implemented globally to strengthen the healthcare workforce (HCWF) capacity during health crises.

Methods: Literature was searched in four databases—ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus and PubMed—from January 1, 2020, to October 25, 2024. Studies were included if they described healthcare management interventions aimed at improving HCWF capacity during health crises. Identified strategies were categorised into four domains: individual-level support, capacity building and role optimisation, organisational-level interventions, and system-wide workforce enablers.

Results: Seventeen studies were included. The most frequently implemented domain was interventions to strengthen and optimise the HCWF role, followed by strategies targeting workforce enablers at the system-wide level. The least prioritised were those supporting and protecting healthcare workers at the individual level. Key strategies across domains included infection prevention and control, mental health support, remuneration, capacity building, and intersectoral collaboration. Gaps identified included the lack of comprehensive healthcare worker information systems and inadequate workforce planning. Digital tools were identified as critical enablers for resource allocation and decision making.

Conclusions: This review emphasises the importance of leveraging digital tools, strengthening workforce policies, and integrating continuous training for public health leaders to enhance HCWF preparedness for future crises. Improving workforce information systems and HCWF planning is paramount for building resilient and sustainable health systems..