In Vitro Study of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Terminalia Cattappa Red Leaves
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Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Terminalia cattappa red leaves. The antioxidant potential was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging and nitric oxide scavenging assays, while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition and protein denaturation methods.
The DPPH assay demonstrated a concentration-dependent increase in radical scavenging activity, with the extract showing 69.12 ± 0.86% inhibition at 100 µg/mL and an IC₅₀ value of 74.49 ± 0.69 µg/mL. Similarly, nitric oxide scavenging activity increased with concentration, reaching 58.12 ± 0.86% inhibition at 100 µg/mL. In the COX-2 inhibition assay, the extract exhibited 56.70% inhibition at 100 µg/mL, indicating its potential to suppress prostaglandin-mediated inflammatory pathways. The protein denaturation assay further confirmed anti-inflammatory activity, showing 50.00% inhibition compared to 76.92% for the standard drug Ibuprofen.
The observed biological activities may be attributed to the presence of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds, which possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Overall, the results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Terminalia cattappa red leaves exhibits significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may serve as a potential natural therapeutic agent for the management of inflammatory disorders.