Oral Health Needs in Children with Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) face unique oral health challenges due to both intrinsic disease factors and external care-related barriers. Conditions such as dental caries, gingivitis, and enamel defects are more common in these children compared to their healthy peers. Such oral issues can increase the risk of bacteremia and infective endocarditis, especially during invasive procedures or daily activities. Factors such as parental knowledge, socioeconomic status, and poor oral hygiene further increase the risk. Interdisciplinary preventive strategies—including regular dental check-ups, thorough daily hygiene, dietary counselling, and appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis—are crucial for improving oral health outcomes. Enhanced education for caregivers and healthcare providers about oral-cardiac connections, along with collaborative care between pediatric dentists and cardiologists, is essential to optimise both oral and systemic health in children with CHD.