Enamel Microabrasion: A Comprehensive Review with Illustrative Case Reports

Abstract

Tooth discolouration remains a prominent aesthetic challenge in clinical dentistry. Enamel microabrasion (EM) has gained recognition as a minimally invasive, cost-effective technique for treating superficial enamel stains and surface irregularities. This review aims to elucidate EM’s role in enhancing enamel smoothness and brightness, both as a standalone procedure and in conjunction with adjunctive modalities such as tooth bleaching and resin infiltration. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of microabrasive agent-acid combinations, procedural nuances, diagnostic precision, and often-overlooked technical considerations. A narrative review was conducted through targeted searches in PubMed and Google Scholar using key terms related to enamel microabrasion, covering literature up to 2024. The technique was further contextualized through the presentation and analysis of three clinical cases, illustrating its practical implementation and aesthetic outcomes. Among 34 reviewed articles, EM was consistently reported as effective for managing mild to moderate presentations of dental fluorosis, enamel hypoplasia, white spot lesions, and dysmineralization. Owing to its conservative nature, EM is especially advantageous for pediatric and adolescent populations, allowing for aesthetic restoration without invasive intervention. Clinical scenarios demonstrated how modifications in application technique can significantly impact surface morphology and patient satisfaction. EM aligns seamlessly with the principles of contemporary conservative aesthetic dentistry: precision, preservation, and patient-focused care. Its documented efficacy, adaptability, and minimally invasive profile underscore its value as a key tool in the clinician’s aesthetic armamentarium.