Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Activities of Bilvadileha: An Ayurvedic Formulation

Abstract

Introduction: The necessity for scientific validation and standardization of traditional herbal formulations is highlighted by the growing demand for Ayurvedic pharmaceutical products worldwide. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other digestive conditions are frequently treated with Bilvadileha, a traditional semi-solid polyherbal Ayurvedic preparation. However, batch-to-batch consistency and quality variations may arise from conventional manufacturing methods, highlighting the significance of verified analytical and quality control parameters. Through thorough phytochemical analysis, physicochemical standardization and biological activity evaluation, the current study sought to analyse Bilvadileha.

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical characteristics, physicochemical parameters, and biological activities of Bilvadileha in order to establish preliminary quality control measures and scientifically validate its traditional therapeutic application.

Methods: The formulation was analysed using organoleptic evaluation, physicochemical parameters, qualitative phytochemical screening, high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profiling, heavy metal analysis and in vitro biological assays including anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.

Results: Organoleptic analysis revealed a brownish semi-solid formulation with a characteristic aromatic odour and a sweetish-bitter taste due to the presence of jaggery. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, ash values, extractive values and pH were found to be within acceptable limits and consistent with standards described in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of important bioactive constituents including alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpenoids. HPTLC fingerprint profiling demonstrated multiple characteristic peaks indicating the presence of diverse phytoconstituents. The formulation exhibited notable anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of protein denaturation and moderate antibacterial activity against selected bacterial strains.

Conclusions: The findings of the present investigation provide scientific support for the traditional use of Bilvadileha and establish preliminary quality control parameters for its standardization.