Prevalence and Determinants of Poor Sleep Quality among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from a South Indian Medical College

Abstract

Background: Medical students are subjected to demanding academic schedules, prolonged study hours, and clinical responsibilities that can adversely affect their sleep patterns. Poor sleep quality among this population has significant implications for cognitive function, academic performance, and overall well-being. Despite growing recognition of this problem globally, limited data exist from Indian medical institutions regarding the prevalence and determinants of poor sleep quality.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality among undergraduate medical students and to describe the determinants associated with poor sleep quality.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 920 undergraduate medical students at AIMS, Mandya district, Karnataka, over a period of three months (September to November 2024). Data were collected using pre-validated, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Sociodemographic variables and lifestyle factors were also recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression were employed.

Results: Among 920 participants (median age 20 ± 1.8 years), 55.4% were females, and 93.5% resided in hostels. Poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) was observed in 76.5% of participants. Among those with poor sleep quality, 62.3% were caffeine consumers, 52.1% reported poor physical activity, and 95.7% were hostel residents. On the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, 36.0% had impaired daytime sleepiness. Significant associations were found between poor sleep quality and female gender (p=0.023), caffeine consumption (p<0.001), limited physical exercise (p=0.002), and hostel residency (p=0.041).

Conclusion: A high prevalence of poor sleep quality was documented among medical students. Caffeine consumption, limited physical activity, and hostel residency were significant determinants. Targeted institutional interventions focusing on sleep hygiene education, lifestyle modifications, and stress management are warranted.