Evaluation of Treatment Patterns and Complication Profile among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Hospital Setting

Abstract

Background:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly increasing chronic metabolic disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to its complications and co-morbid conditions. Understanding patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and complications is essential for effective disease management.

Objective:

To evaluate the socio-demographic profile, co-morbidities, treatment patterns, and complications among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 469 patients diagnosed with T2DM. Data regarding demographic characteristics, duration of diabetes, co-morbidities, drug utilization, treatment approaches, and complications were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

The majority of patients belonged to the 61–70 years age group (37.31%), with a male predominance (54.79%). Most patients had secondary education (47.97%) and were from rural areas (61.41%). A significant proportion had diabetes for 5–10 years (48.40%).

Co-morbidities were common, with hypertension (33.42%), dyslipidemia (23.79%), and thyroid disorders (20.11%) being the most prevalent.

Metformin (28.3%) was the most frequently prescribed drug, followed by sulfonylureas (27.2%) and insulin (17.5%). Combination therapy was more commonly used than monotherapy.

The most common complications observed were slow wound healing (14.68%), neuropathy (14.12%), and diabetic foot (11.99%), with most complications showing a slight male predominance.

Conclusion:

T2DM is highly prevalent among the elderly population and is frequently associated with multiple co-morbidities and complications. The study highlights the importance of early detection, rational pharmacotherapy, and regular monitoring to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Strengthening awareness and healthcare access, especially in rural areas, is crucial for better disease management.