Pharmacognosstical and Pharmacological Screening of Bioactive Compound Obtained from Plant Aphanamixis Polystachya and Its In Vivo Potential for the Management of Type-Ii Diabetes

Abstract

This study reports the pharmacognostical authentication of Aphanamixis polystachya stem bark and the isolation of a major bioactive constituent (AP-1) followed by evaluation of its antidiabetic potential. The bark was standardized using macroscopic/microscopic parameters, physicochemical constants, and chromatographic fingerprinting. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract yielded AP-1, characterized by UV, FTIR, LC-MS and 1H/13C-NMR. In vitro screening demonstrated significant inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase along with enhancement of glucose uptake in L6 myotubes (or 3T3-L1 adipocytes). In vivo efficacy was confirmed in HFD-STZ diabetic rats treated with AP-1 (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 28 days, showing dose-dependent reduction in fasting glucose, improved OGTT, increased insulin, improved HOMA-IR and lipid profile, and protection of pancreatic histoarchitecture. These findings highlight AP-1 as a promising lead molecule from A. polystachya for T2DM management.