Impact of Hyaluronic Acid Injections in Patients with Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis

Abstract

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of disability among older adults, significantly impacting both patients and healthcare systems. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GH-OA), a degenerative condition of the shoulder joint, commonly affects individuals over 60 years and leads to pain, reduced range of motion, and functional impairment.

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical impact of hyaluronic acid injections on pain relief and functional outcomes in patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis.

Methods: This prospective observational study at the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU) (March–August 2025) included 52 patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis receiving a single intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection. Outcomes—pain (VAS), function (ASES), ROM, satisfaction, and adverse events—were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks, and analyzed using SPSS v26 (mean ± SD; p < 0.05).

Results: Among 52 patients (mean age 60.2 years), most were female and had KL Grade II–III disease with right shoulder involvement. Pain (VAS) reduced from 7.2 to 3.5, function (ASES) improved from 48.6 to 74.1, and ROM increased across all planes by 12 weeks (all p < 0.001). Overall, 73% were satisfied with treatment, and only minor transient adverse events (5.8%) were reported, with no major complications.