Awareness of Infrared Thermography for Non-Invasive Early Detection of Gingival Inflammation Among Dental Professionals in India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Infrared thermography (IRT) offers a non-invasive, radiation-free methodology for detecting gingival inflammation through thermal imaging. Despite demonstrated diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 93% for gingivitis, 90.7% for periodontitis), awareness among Indian dental professionals remains limited, potentially hindering clinical adoption.

Aim and Objective: To evaluate awareness, knowledge and perception of infrared thermography for non-invasive early detection of gingival inflammation among dental professionals in India.

Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 318 dental professionals across urban and semi-urban areas in India using a validated 25-item questionnaire administered via Google Forms. The instrument comprised demographic questions (5 items), knowledge-based assessment (10 multiple-choice items), perception evaluation (10 Likert scale items), clinical practice questions (3 items) and open-ended queries (2 items). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28.0 with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA (p<0.05).

Results: Of 318 respondents, 64.15% (n=204) demonstrated moderate awareness of IRT principles. Knowledge regarding temperature-based detection of inflammation was demonstrated by 71.07% (n=226) of participants. Perception of clinical feasibility scored a mean of 3.68±1.02 on a 5-point Likert scale. Notably, 58.81% (n=187) indicated willingness to incorporate IRT into their practice if adequate training and resources were provided. Cost barriers were identified by 76.10% (n=242) as a significant constraint. Specialists demonstrated significantly higher awareness compared to general practitioners (p=0.0012). Open-ended responses (n=85) highlighted requirements for standardized protocols and cost-effective implementations.

Conclusion: Dental professionals demonstrate moderate awareness of infrared thermography with considerable enthusiasm for clinical adoption contingent upon training accessibility and economic feasibility. Integration of IRT into periodontal practice necessitates systematic educational initiatives, standardized diagnostic protocols, and cost-effective instrumentation strategies. This study establishes a foundational baseline for thermography-centered awareness campaigns and suggests targeted interventions to bridge the knowledge-practice gap in Indian dentistry.