Prosthodontic Aspects of Screw Loosening in Dental Implants: A Review

Abstract

Screw loosening remains one of the most frequently reported mechanical complications associated with implant-supported prostheses. Although advances in implant design, materials, and connection geometries have significantly reduced its incidence, screw loosening continues to challenge long-term prosthodontic success. From a prosthodontic perspective, multiple factors—including occlusal loading patterns, prosthesis design, accuracy of fit, torque application, and abutment–implant interface—play critical roles in the development of screw loosening. This review aims to analyze the prosthodontic determinants of screw loosening in dental implants, discuss underlying biomechanical principles, and outline preventive and management strategies to enhance implant prosthesis longevity.