Role of Occlusion in Restorative Dentistry: A Review

Abstract

The way our teeth come together, known as occlusion, is fundamental to proper oral function. Unfortunately, it is often overlooked or taken for granted during patient treatment. Achieving successful and long-lasting dental restorations hinges on maintaining occlusal harmony. The term "occlusion" refers to the contact between teeth in the upper and lower jaws, both when the jaws are closed (static occlusal relationships) and during various jaw movements (dynamic occlusal relationships). A thorough understanding and evaluation of the concepts and factors influencing occlusion are crucial in both prosthodontics (replacement of missing teeth) and restorative dentistry (repairing damaged teeth). Specifically, the shapes of cusps, fossae, grooves, and marginal ridges of teeth should properly support the mandible (lower jaw) during rest and function. Restored teeth should not interfere with normal mandibular movements. Restorations should not transmit excessive forces to the tooth's attachment apparatus (periodontal ligament and bone) or the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), whether the jaws are fully closed, in other positions, or during movement. When occlusion functions optimally, it allows proper operation of oral functions like chewing and speaking. It contributes to the best possible aesthetics. Helps prevent problems with oral function. The biting surfaces (occlusal surfaces) of teeth are frequently involved in dental restorations. The significance of this lies in: Its relationship within the entire chewing system (articulatory system).The potential impact of occlusal trauma (damage from improper bite forces) on the tooth and its supporting tissues. Successful occlusal management leads to Predictable fitting of restorations and prostheses.