Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP): Biological Basis and Expanding Clinical Applications

Abstract

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality in regenerative medicine, dentistry, orthopaedics, and aesthetic practices. Derived from autologous blood, PRP is a concentration of platelets enriched with growth factors, cytokines, and bioactive proteins that stimulate tissue repair and regeneration. This article reviews the biological foundation of platelets and plasma, the evolution of PRP from discovery to clinical application, techniques for its preparation, and its wide-ranging therapeutic applications. Special attention is given to its role in orthodontics, temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) and cleft repair. The challenges in standardization of PRP protocols and the future prospects of its use in regenerative therapies are also discussed.