Ipomoea Obscura: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Potential

Abstract

Ipomoea obscura (L.), commonly known as "Laksmana" in Ayurveda, is a perennial climber from the Convolvulaceae family, valued for its ethnomedicinal applications across Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Traditionally, it has been used to treat various ailments, including dysentery, ulcers, hemorrhoids, swelling, respiratory issues, and vision problems. Phytochemical studies have identified a rich array of bioactive compounds in I. obscura, including glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, essential oils, and phenolic acids. Notably, the plant contains indole alkaloids like Ipobscurine A-D and tropane alkaloids such as Calystegine B-1 to B-4 and C-1, which exhibit significant pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, nephroprotective, antiangiogenic, and antimicrobial effects. The essential oil of I. obscura is particularly rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, with Bulnesene, β-humulene, and Seychellene being the predominant compounds. Recent research has also explored the green synthesis of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles using the plant's aqueous leaf extract, demonstrating promising antifungal and anticancer activities. This review summarized the traditional uses, phytochemical profile, pharmacological properties, and/or therapeutic potential of I. obscura, underscoring its significance as a subject for future research and the development of novel botanical drugs.