Autopsy Analysis of Hanged Bodies: The Medicolegal Perspectives

Abstract

Hanging is one of the most common modes of suicide and a frequent subject of medicolegal autopsies in India. Understanding its demographic and pathological patterns is essential for distinguishing suicidal from homicidal or accidental deaths and for guiding preventive measures. This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, and included all cases of death due to hanging between November 2010 and August 2012. A total of 124 cases were analyzed based on autopsy reports, police inquests, and hospital records. The study evaluated parameters such as age, sex, type of hanging, ligature material, knot position, and autopsy findings. The majority of victims were males (71.8%), with the peak incidence in the 21-40-year age group (68.5%). Complete hanging was observed in 62.9% of cases, and nylon rope was the most common ligature material used (41.1%). The knot was most often situated on the left side of the neck (54%). Classical signs such as an oblique ligature mark, pale face, protruded tongue, and dribbling of saliva were present in most cases. Fracture of the hyoid bone was seen in 11% of cases, predominantly in older individuals. All cases were determined to be suicidal in nature, with no evidence of homicide or accident. The findings highlight that hanging remains a preferred method of suicide among young adults due to its accessibility and lethality. The study emphasizes the importance of early psychological intervention, social support, and mental health awareness to prevent such avoidable deaths.