Imaging the Unborn Face: A New Era in Cleft Diagnosis

Abstract

          Cleft lip and palate are among the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies. Early prenatal diagnosis is crucial for genetic evaluation, parental counselling, and treatment planning. This review summarises current imaging modalities for prenatal detection and assessment of cleft lip and palate. Two-dimensional ultrasound remains the primary screening tool, while three- and four-dimensional ultrasonography enhance visualisation of the lip, alveolus, and palate, improving diagnostic accuracy.

         Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) serves as a valuable adjunct, particularly in defining posterior palatal involvement and associated anomalies. Recent experimental advances in feto-endoscopic surgery highlight potential benefits such as scarless healing and improved maxillary growth, although clinical validation is still lacking. The integration of advanced imaging and emerging prenatal interventions holds promise for earlier and more precise management of orofacial clefts.