Assessment of Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Potential of Selected Halophytic Plants from Thoothukudi, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the phytochemical contents and antibacterial activities of four halophytic plants, namely, Salicornia brachiata Roxb., Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumon. and Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) was against Bacillus subtilis,Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis,   P. vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri and Vibrio cholerae. The extent of inhibitory zone, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined. The ethanol extract of   Suaeda maritima showed the highest antibacterial activity against all the bacterial strains tested than the other extracts. The mean zones of inhibition produced by the extracts in agar diffusion assays against the tested bacterial strains ranged from 7.0 to 20.5 mm. The MIC was between 62.5 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml, while the MBC were between 125 µg/ml and 1000 µg/ml. The phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extracts of S. brachiata, S. maritima and  S. portulacastrum had showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds and steroids. The highest mean of zone inhibition (20.5 mm) was observed in ethanol extract of S. maritima against B. subtilis. Finally it can be concluded that the suggest that the ethanol extract of S. maritima can be used as an antibacterial substance for the treatment of bacterial infections