Semiprotective Effects of Hempseed Oil on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats: An Ultra-short Toxicological Intervention

Authors

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the protective activity of hempseed oil on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) hepatotoxicity in male rats at Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran in 2015. Normal control (NC) group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with distilled water (0.5 ml/kg); CCl4-intoxicated group (TCC) injected CCl4; hempseed oil treated group (HSO) gavaged hempseed oil; TCC-HSO group was injected CCl4 prior to intake of hempseed oil and HSO-TCC group was gavaged hempseed oil prior to being injected with CCl4. In all treated groups, toxicity was induced by i.p. injection of CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg) for two consecutive days and hemp seed, oil was gavaged at 8 ml/kg in respective group once daily for one week. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels increased in TCC. Protection against toxicity in HSO-TCC and TCC-HSO reduced AST and ALT activities compared to TCC. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in TCC-HSO and HSO-TCC increased as compared with other groups. CCl4 decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in TCC. Hempseed oil decreased total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triacylglycerols in HSO compared to NC. Hempseed oil in TCC-HSO and HSO-TCC restored TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels to those of NC. Atherogenic index was lower in HSO in comparison to TCC. Based on histopathology, hempseed oil improved CCl4-induced-cardio- and hepatotoxicity in TCC-HSO and HSO-TCC; however, hempseed oil did not prevent CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity. To sum up, hempseed oil has mild protective effects against CCl4 toxicity in male rats.

Keywords

References

  1. REFERENCES
  2. Yousofi M., Saberivand A., Becker L.A., Karimi I., 2011. The effects of Cannabis sativa L. seed (hemp seed) on reproductive and neurobehavioral end points in rats. Dev Psychobiol. 53, 402-412.
  3. Karimi I., Hayatghaibi H., 2006. Effect of Cannabis Sativa L. seed (hempseed) on serum lipid and protein profiles of rat. Pak J Nutr. 5, 585-588.
  4. Deferne J.L., Pate D.W., 1996. Hemp seed oil: A source of valuable essential fatty acids. J Int Hemp Assoc. 3, 4-7.
  5. Galasso1 I., Russo1 R., Mapelli S., Ponzoni E., Brambilla I. M., Battelli G., Reggiani R. 2016. Variability in seed traitsina collection of Cannabis sativa L. Genotypes. Front Plant Sci.7, 688.
  6. Richard M.N., Ganguly R., Steigerwald S.N., Al-Khalifa A., Pierce G.N. 2007. Dietary hempseed reduces platelet aggregation. J Thromb Haemost. 5, 424-5.
  7. Chavan T., Khadke S., Harke S., Ghadge A., Karandikar M., Pandit V., Ranjekar P., Kulkarni O., Kuvalekar A. 2013. Hepatoprotective effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids against repeated subacute acetaminophen dosing in rats. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 4(2), 286 ââ‚‌“ 295.
  8. Ganie1 S.A., Haq E., Hamid A., Qurishi Y., Mahmood Z., Zargar B.A., Masood A., Zargar M.A., 2011. Carbon tetrachloride induced kidney and lung tissue damages and antioxidant activities of the aqueous rhizome extract of Podophyllum hexandrum. BMC Complement Altern Med. 11, 17.
  9. Ojo1 O.A., Ojo A.B., Ajiboye1 B., Fadaka1 A., Imiere1 O.D., Adeyonu1 O., Olayide1 I. 2016. Protective influence of Ficus asperifolia Miq leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced testicular toxicity in ratââ‚‌™s testes. J App Pharm Sci. 6(06), 037-041.
  10. Hesami Z., Jamshidzadeh A., Ayatollahi M., Gramizadeh B., Vahdati A. 2016. The comparative effects of human mesenchymal stem cell and
  11. platelet extract on CCl4-Induced liver toxicity in rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. Inpress (Inpress), e36818.
  12. Yoshioka H., Onosaka S., 2016. Zinc sulfate pretreatment prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced lethal toxicity through metallothionein-mediated suppression of lipid peroxidation in mice. Fundam Toxicol Sci. 3(4), 151-156.
  13. Boll M., Lutz1W. D., Becker1 E., Stampfl A., 2001. Mechanism of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatocellular damage by reactive carbon tetrachloride metabolites. Z Naturforsch. C Bio Sci. 56(7-8), 649ââ‚‌“659.
  14. Weber L.W., Boll M., Stampfl A., 2003. Hepatotoxicity and mechanism of action of haloalkanes: carbon tetrachloride as a toxicological model. Crit Rev Toxicol. 33(2), 105-136.
  15. Fogden E., Neuberger J., 2003. Alternative medicines and the liver. Liver Int. 23, 213-220.
  16. Hayatghaybi H., Karimi I., 2007. Hypercholesterolemic effect of drug-type Cannabis sativa L. seed (marijuana seed) in guinea pig. Pak J Nut. 6, 56-59.
  17. Karimi I., Hayatghaibi H., Yousofi J., Saberivand A., Zavareh S., 2007. Effects of nondrug type Cannabis sativa L. (hempseed) on hematological parameters in guinea pig. J Cardiova Hemato Dis -Drug Targets. 7, 288-290.
  18. Saberivand A., Karimi I., Becker L. A., Moghaddam A., Azizi-Mahmoodjigh S., Yousefi M., Zavareh S., 2010. The effects of Cannabis sativa L. seed (hempseed) in the ovariectomized rat model of menopause. Methods find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 32, 467-473.
  19. NIH publication no. 85-23. Institutional administrator's manual for laboratory animal care and use. Revised 1985.
  20. Ujah O.F., Ujah I. R., Johnson J.T., Ekam V.S., Udenze E.C.C., 2013. Hepatoprotective property of ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity. J Nat Prod Plant Resour. 3(2), 15-22.
  21. Friedewald W.T., Ley R. I., Fradrickson D.S., 1972. Estimation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without the use of preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 18, 499-502.
  22. Lee R., Niemann D., Nutritional Assessment, 2th ed., Mosby Missou: USA. 1996.
  23. Kinosian B., Glick H., Garland G., 1994. Cholesterol and coronary heart disease: predicting risks by levels and ratios. Ann Intern Med. 121, 641-664.
  24. Weber L.W.D., Boll M., Stampfl A., 2003. Hepatotoxicity and mechanism of action of halaoalkanes: carbon tetrachloride as a toxicological model. Crit Rev Toxicolol. 33, 105-136.
  25. Musa E.M., EL Badwi S.M., Jah Elnabi M.A., Osman E.A., Dahab M.M., 2012. Hepatoprotective and toxicity assessment of Cannabis sativa seed oil in Albino rat. IJCBS. 1, 69-76.
  26. Gitlin N., Clinical aspects of liver disease caused by industrial and environmental toxins. In: Hepatology. A Textbook of Liver Disease. Zakim D., Boyer T. D., Eds., Philadelphia, USA, WB Saunders. 1996. Pp. 1018-1050.
  27. Boll M., Weber L.W., Beker E., Stampfl A., 2001. Hepatocyte damage induced by carbon tetracholoride: inhibited lipoprotein secretion and changed composition. Z Naturoforsch C. 56(3-4), 283-90.
  28. Peng W.H., Tien Y.C., Huang C.Y., Huang T.H., Liao J.C., Kuo C.L., Lin Y.C., 2010. Fraxinus rhynchophylla ethanol extract attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats via down-regulating the expressions of uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1. J Ethnopharmacol. 127, 606-613.
  29. Abdel Salam O.M.E., Sleem A.A., Omara E., 2013. Micronised purified flavonoid fraction alleviates the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury. Comp Clin Pathol. 22, 1145-1154.
  30. Rodriguez-Leyva D., Pierce G.N., 2010. The cardiac and haemostatic effects of dietary hempseed. Nutr Metabol. 7, 32.
  31. Deman J.M., Chemical and physical properties of fatty acids, in fatty acids in Foods and their Health Implications, 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc. Basel: Ching Kuang Chow. 2000. Pp. 17-49.
  32. Leizer C.C., Ribnicky D., Poulev A., Dushenkov S., Raskin I., 2000. The composition of hemp seed oil and its potential as an important source of nutrition. J Nutraceutical Func Med Foods. 2, 35-53.
  33. Callaway J.C., Pate D.W. Hempseed oil. In: Chapter 5: Gourmet and Health-Promoting Specialty Oils. Robert A., Kamal-Eldin M., Kamel-Eldin A., Eds., Urbana, USA, American Oil Chemists Society Press. 2009. pp. 185-213.
  34. Lehmann T., Sager F., Brenneisen R., 1997. Excretion of cannabinoids in urine after ingestion of cannabis seed oil. J Anal Toxicol. 21, 373-375.
  35. Parfieniuk A., Flisiak R., 2008. Role of cannabinoids in chronic liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 14, 6109-6114.
  36. Muriel P., 1995. High fat diet and liver damage induced by biliary obstruction in the rat. J Appl Toxicol. 15, 125-8.
  37. Ritesh K.R., Suganya A., Dileepkumar H.V., Rajashekar Y., Shivanandappa T., 2015. A single acute hepatotoxic dose of CCl4 causes oxidative stress in the rat brain. Toxicol Reports. 2, 891-895.
Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Volume 7, Issue 4
Autumn 2017

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 December 2017
  • Revise Date: 14 July 2020
  • Accept Date: 29 October 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics