Home Articles List Article Information
Journal of Chemical Health Risks
Journal Archive
Volume Volume 8 (2018)
Volume Volume 7 (2017)
Volume Volume 6 (2016)
Volume Volume 5 (2015)
Volume Volume 4 (2014)
Volume Volume 3 (2013)
Volume Volume 2 (2012)
Volume Volume 1 (2011)
Salahinejad, M., Aflaki, F. (2018). Simultaneous Pre-Concentration of Cadmium and Lead in Environmental Water Samples with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 3(1), -. doi: 10.22034/jchr.2018.544021
M. Salahinejad; F. Aflaki. "Simultaneous Pre-Concentration of Cadmium and Lead in Environmental Water Samples with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry". Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 3, 1, 2018, -. doi: 10.22034/jchr.2018.544021
Salahinejad, M., Aflaki, F. (2018). 'Simultaneous Pre-Concentration of Cadmium and Lead in Environmental Water Samples with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry', Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 3(1), pp. -. doi: 10.22034/jchr.2018.544021
Salahinejad, M., Aflaki, F. Simultaneous Pre-Concentration of Cadmium and Lead in Environmental Water Samples with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 2018; 3(1): -. doi: 10.22034/jchr.2018.544021

Simultaneous Pre-Concentration of Cadmium and Lead in Environmental Water Samples with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Article 7, Volume 3, Issue 1, Spring 2013  XML PDF (285.12 K)
DOI: 10.22034/jchr.2018.544021
Authors
M. Salahinejad ; F. Aflaki
Environmental Laboratory, NSTRI, Tehran, Iran
Receive Date: 19 August 2013,  Revise Date: 24 March 2019,  Accept Date: 29 October 2018 
Abstract
The dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method for determination of Pb+2 and Cd+2 ions in the environmental water samples was combined with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC), chloroform and ethanol were used as chelating agent, extraction solvent and disperser solvent, respectively. Some effective parameters on the microextraction and the complex formation were selected and optimized. These parameters included extraction and disperser solvent type as well as their volume, extraction time, salt effect, pH, sample volume and amount of the chelating agent.   Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factor of 75 and 105 for Cd+2 and Pb+2 ions respectively was obtained from only 5.00mL of water sample. The detection limit (S/N=3) was 12 and 0.8ngmL−1 for Pb and Cd respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSDs) for five replicate measurements of 0.50 mgL−1 of lead and cadmium was 6.5 and 4.4 % respectively. Mineral, tap, river, sea, dam and spiked water samples were analyzed for Cd and Pb amount.
Keywords
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; ICP-AES; environmental water; Pb; Cd
References
  1. Fassett D.W., in Metals in the Environment,
  2. Academic Press, New York, 1980. pp 61-110.
  3. Patriarca M., A. Menditto, B. Rossi, T. D. B.
  4. Lyon, G. S. Fell, Environmental exposure to
  5. metals of newborns, infants and young children,
  6. Microchemical Journal, Volume 67, 2000. Pages
  7. -361.
  8. Hayes R.B., the carcinogenicity of metals in
  9. humans, Cancer Causes Control. 1997 May;
  10. (3):371-85.
  11. Bergbäck B., Carlsson M., Heritage of cadmium
  12. and lead, A case study of a Swedish accumulator
  13. factory. Sci Total Environ 166:35ââ‚‌“42,1995.
  14. Bellinger D. C., Lead neurotoxicity and
  15. socioeconomic status: Conceptual and analytical
  16. issues. Neurotoxicology, 2008. 29: 828-32.
  17. Patocka J., K. Cerny, Inorganic Lead
  18. Toxicology, Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), V. 46,
  19. No 2, 65-72, 2003.
  20. Waalkes M.P., Cadmium Carcinogenesis,
  21. Mutat.Res, 2003. 10:553,107-120
  22. Tellez-Plaza M., Navas-Acien A., Crainiceanu
  23. C. M., Cadmium exposure and hypertension in the
  24. - 2004 National Health and Nutrition
  25. Examination Survey (NHANES). Environmental
  26. Health Perspectives, 2008. 116: 51-6.
  27. International Agency for Research on Cancer
  28. (IARC) Monographs on the Evaluation of
  29. Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 58:
  30. Beryllium, Cadmium, Mercury, and Exposures in
  31. the Glass Manufacturing Industry. Summary of
  32. Data Reported and Evaluation. 1997. Available at
  33. http://
  34. www.monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol58
  35. /volume58.pdf.Accessed May 1, 2008.
  36. Yang R.S.H., Goehl T. J. Brown R. D.,
  37. Chatham A. T., Arneson D. W., Buchanan R. C.,
  38. Harris R. K., 1989. Toxicological studies of a
  39. chemical mixture of 25 ground water
  40. contaminants. I. Chemistry development. Fundam.
  41. Appl. Toxicol. 13:366ââ‚‌“376.
  42. Batterham G. J., N.C. Munksgaard , D. L.
  43. Parry, Determination of Trace Metals in Sea-water
  44. by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass
  45. Spectrometry After Off-line Dithiocarbamate
  46. Solvent Extraction, J. Anal. At. Spectrom.,
  47. , 12, 1277 - 1280
  48. Li X., Schramel P., Wang Z., Grill P., Yedile
  49. A., Kettrup A., Determination of trace amounts of
  50. Sb, Pb, Tl in water samples by inductively coupled
  51. plasma atomic emission spectrometry after a
  52. diantipyrylmethane-iodide third phase
  53. preconcentration, Microchim. Acta, 124:171-178,
  55. Chen J., Xiao S., Wu X., Fang K., Liu W.,
  56. Determination of lead in water samples by
  57. graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
  58. after cloud point extraction, Talanta, 67:992-996,
  60. Batterham G. J., Munksgaard N.C., Parry D.L.,
  61. Determination of Trace Metals in Sea-water by
  62. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
  63. After Off-line Dithiocarbamate Solvent Extraction,
  64. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1997. 12, 1277 ââ‚‌“ 1280.
  65. Mesquita R. B., Fernandes S. M. V., Rangel A.
  66. O. S., A flow system for the spectrophotometric
  67. determination of lead in different types of waters
  68. using ion-exchange for pre-concentration and
  69. elimination of interferences, Talanta 62:395-401,
  71. Dogan C. E., Akcin G., Solid Phase Extraction
  72. and Determination of Lead in Water Samples
  73. Using Silica Gel Homogeneously Modified by
  74. Thiosalicylic Acid, Anal Lett , 40: 2524-2543,
  76. Rezaee M., Assadi Y., Milani Hosseini M. R.,
  77. Aghaee E., Ahmadi F., Berijani S., Determination
  78. of organic compounds in water using dispersive
  79. liquid-liquid microextraction ,J chromatogr A
  80. :1-9, 2006.
  81. Fatahi N., Assadi Y., Milani Hosseini M. R.,
  82. Zeini Jahromi E., 2007. Determination of
  83. chlorophenols in water samples using
  84. simultaneous dispersive liquidââ‚‌“liquid
  85. microextraction and derivatization followed by gas
  86. chromatography-electron-capture detection. J
  87. Chromatogr A 1157:23ââ‚‌“29
  88. Berijani S., Assadi Y., Anbia M., Milani
  89. Hosseini M. R., Aghaee E., Dispersive liquidââ‚‌“
  90. liquid microextraction combined with gas
  91. chromatography-flame photometric detection:
  92. Very simple, rapid and sensitive method for the
  93. determination of organophosphorus pesticides in
  94. water, J Chromatogr A, 1123:1-9, 2006.
  95. Salahinejad M., Aflaki F., Optimization and
  96. determination of Cd (II) in different environmental
  97. water samples with dispersive liquidââ‚‌“liquid
  98. microextraction preconcentration combined with
  99. inductively coupled plasma optical emission
  100. spectrometry, Environ. Monit. Assess. 177, 2011.
  101. -125
  102. Liang P., Sang H., Determination of trace lead
  103. in biological and water samples with dispersive
  104. liquidââ‚‌“liquid microextraction preconcentration,
  105. Anal. Biochem. 380, 2008. 21ââ‚‌“25
  106. Jiang H., Qin Y., Hu B., Dispersive liquid
  107. phase microextraction (DLPME) combined with
  108. graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
  109. (GFAAS) for determination of trace Co and Ni in
  110. environmental water and rice samples, Talanta 74,
  111. 1160ââ‚‌“1165.
Statistics
Article View: 82
PDF Download: 25