Mycological Survey and Total Aflatoxin Analyze in Silage from Qaemshahr City (Northern Iran)

Authors

1 Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran

2 Department of Veterinary Science, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University Babol, Babol, Iran

Abstract

In this study, 42 samples of silage were collected in Qaemshahr city in Iran during fall 2011. Samples were tested by competitive ELISA for total aflatoxins. Seven samples (16.7%) (Mean±se:1.24) from 42 silage samples were positive with total aflatoxin (1.1-27.3 ppb) in Nov., Dec. and Oct. The highest contamination was observed in Oct., three samples (21.4%) from 14 samples were contaminated with total aflatoxin by 22.2 ppb, 25.6 and 27.3 ppb. The culture results of samples showed that the most toxinigenic fungi among 57 colonies were Aspergillus sp. with fifteen (% 31.5), Fusarium sp. With thirteen (% 22.8), Alternaria spp. With twelve (21.05%), Penicillium spp. with nine (%15.78) and Acremonium sp. with five (8.77%) and also the most nontoxigenic fungi were cladosporium spp. with fifteen (% 37.5), Rhizopus spp. with nine (% 22.5), Mucor spp. with six (15%), yeast with six (15%) and Scopulariopsis spp. with four (10%) colonies isolated in culture medium among 40 colonies of nontoxigenic fungi.

Keywords

References

  1. Attitallam, I.H., L.K.T. Al-Ani, M.A. Nasib, I
  2. .A.A. Balal, M. Zakaria, S.S.M. El-Maragh and
  3. S.M.R. Karim, 2010. Screening of Fungi
  4. Associated Commercicl Grains and Animal
  5. Feeds in AL-Bayda Governorate, Libya. World
  6. Applied Sciences Journal., 9, 746-756.
  7. Ayar, A., D. Sert and A. Hilmi Con, 2007. A
  8. Study on the Occurrence of Aflatoxin in Raw
  9. Milk Due to Feeds. Journal of Food Safety., 27,
  10. ââ‚‌“207.
  11. Charoenpornsook, K and P. Kavisarasai, 2006.
  12. Mycocotoxins in Animal Feeds Stuffs of
  13. Thailand. Kmitl Sci Tech J., 6(1), 25-28.
  14. Devi Upadhaya, S., M.A. Park and J. K. Ha,
  15. Mycotoxins and Their Biotransformation
  16. in the Rumen: A Review. Asian-Aust J Anim
  17. Sci., 23(9): 1250 ââ‚‌“ 1260.
  18. Driehuis, F., M.S. Spanjer, J.M. Scholten and
  19. M.C. Giffel, 2008. Occurrence of Mycotoxins
  20. in Feedstuffs of Dairy Cows and Estimation of
  21. Total Dietary Intakes. J Dairy Sci., 91(11),
  22. -427.
  23. El-Shanawany, A.A., M. Eman Mostafa and A.
  24. Barakat, 2005. Fungal Populations and
  25. Mycotoxins in Silage in Assiut and Sohag
  26. Governorates in Egypt, With a Special
  27. Reference to Characteristic Aspergilli Toxins.
  28. Mycopathologia., 159, 281ââ‚‌“289.
  29. Fandohan, P., K. Hell, W.F.O. Marasas and
  30. M.J. Wingfield , 2003. Infection of Maize by
  31. Fusarium Species and Contamination with
  32. Fumonisin in Africa. Afr J Biotechnol., 2(12),
  33. -579.
  34. Gholampour Azizi, I and M. Azarmi, 2009.
  35. Determination of Zearalenone and Ochratoxin
  36. in Food stuffs. World Appl Sci Journal., 7(11),
  37. -1391.
  38. Ghiasian, S.A and A.H. Maghsood, 2011.
  39. Occurrence of aflatoxigenic fungi in cow feeds
  40. during the summer and winter season in
  41. Hamadan, Iran. Afr J Microbiol Res., 5(5),
  42. -521.
  43. Hadizadeh Moalem, S.H., I. Gholampour Azizi
  44. and M. Azarmi, 2010. Prevalence of Aflatoxin
  45. B1in Feedstuffs in Northern Iran. Global
  46. Veterinaria., 4(2), 144-148.
  47. Khosravi, A.Z., M. Dakhili and S. Hojjatollah,
  48. A Mycological Survey on Feed
  49. Ingredients and Mixed Animal Feeds in Ghom
  50. Province, Iran. Pak J Nut., 79(1), 31-34.
  51. Krnjaja, V., J. Levic and S. Stankovic, 2009.
  52. Ubjqity of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in
  53. Animal Feeds in Republic of Serbia. J
  54. Biotechnol Anim Husbandry, 25(5-6), 477-497.
  55. Kabak, B., 2010. Mycotoxins in Food, Feed and
  56. Bioweapons: Prevention and Management of
  57. Mycotoxins in Food and Feed, in: Rai, M.,
  58. Varma.A. (Eds.), MI: Department of Food
  59. Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hitit
  60. University, Corum, Turkey: 201-227.
  61. Moktabi, S., A. Fazlara, M. Ghorbanpour and
  62. K. Ghasemian Yadegari, 2011. Contamination
  63. of ice cream by aflatoxin M1 in Iran. American-
  64. Eurasian. J Toxicol Sci., 3, 120-123.
  65. Michelle, S., D.V.M. Mostrom and B.J.
  66. Jacobsen, 2010. Veterinary Clinics of North
  67. America: Food Animal Practice. Ruminant
  68. Mycotoxicosis., 27, 315-34.
  69. Mansfield, M.A and G.A. Kuldau, 2007.
  70. Microbiological and Molecular Determination
  71. of Mycobiota in Fresh and Ensiled Maize
  72. Silage. Mycologia., 99(2), 269ââ‚‌“278.
  73. Martins, H.M., M.M.M. Guerra and M.A. F
  74. Bernardo, 2007. Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1 in
  75. Dairy Cowââ‚‌™s feed over 10 Years in Portugal
  76. (1995-2004). Rev Iberoam Micol., 24, 69-71.
  77. Pereyra, C.M., V.A. Alonso, C.A.R. Rosa, S.M.
  78. Chiacchiera, A.M. Dalceroand and L.R.
  79. Cavaglieri, 2008. Gliotoxin Natural Incidence
  80. and Toxigenicity of Aspergillus Fumigatus
  81. Isolated From Corn Silage and Ready Dairy
  82. Cattle Feed. World Mycotoxin J., 1(4), 457-
  83. Richard, J.L, 2007. Some Major Mycotoxins
  84. and Their Mycotoxicosesââ‚‌”An Overview. Int J
  85. Food Microbiol., 119, 3ââ‚‌“10.
  86. Rahimi, E, 2010. A study on contamination of
  87. Aflatoxin M1 in milk and infant milk products
  88. in Iran. American-Eurasian J Toxicol Sci., 2,
  89. -111.
  90. Reddy, K.R.N and B. Salleh, 2011. Co-
  91. Occurrence of Moulds and Mycotoxins in Corn
  92. Grains Use for Animal Feed Malaysia. J Anim
  93. Vet Adv., 10(5), 668-673.
  94. Richard, E., N. Heutte, L. Sage, D. Pottier, V.
  95. Bouchart, P. Lebailly and D. Garon, 2007.
  96. Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in mature corn
  97. silage. Food Chem Toxicol., 45, 2420ââ‚‌“2425
  98. Sherif, S.O., E.E. Salama and M.A . Abdel-
  99. Wahhab, 2007. Mycotoxins and Child Health:
  100. The Need for Health Risk Assessment. Int J
  101. Hyg Environ. Health., 1-22.
  102. Simas, M.M.S., M.B. Botura, B. Correa, M.
  103. Sabino, C.A. Mallmann, T.C.B.S.C. Bitencourt
  104. and M.J.M. Batatinha, 2006. Determination of
  105. fungal microbiota and mycotoxins in brewers
  106. grain used in dairy cattle feeding in the State of
  107. Bahia, Brazil. Food Control., 1-5.
  108. Sassahara, M., D. Pontes Netto and E.K.
  109. Yanaka, 2005. Aflatoxin Occurrence in
  110. Foodstuff Supplied to Dairy Cattle and
  111. Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk in the North of
  112. Parana State. Food Chem. Toxicol.
  113. DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2005.02.003
  114. Wang, J., X. Wang, Y. Zhou, L. Du and Q.
  115. Wang, 2010. Fumonisin Detection and
  116. Analysis of Potential Fumonisin-Producing
  117. Fusarium spp. in Asparagus (Asparagus
  118. officinalis L.) in Zhejiang Province of China. J
  119. Sci Food Agri. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3893
  120. Zain, M.E, 2011. Impact of Mycotoxins on
  121. Humans and Animals., J Saudi Chem. Society.
  122. DOI:10.1016/j.jscs.2010.06.006

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 13 October 2012
  • Revise Date: 29 November 2021
  • Accept Date: 29 October 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics