Histopathology of Inhalation of Industrial Bleach and Detergent Mixture on Epithelial Layer of Trachea in Mice

Authors

1 Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran

2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran

Abstract

This study is the effects of inhalation toxic mixture of bleach and detergent was examined on the epithelial layer of trachea in the mice. In this study, 42 adult male mice NMRI race weighing 35-40 gr and from age 8 to 10 weeks were divided into 6 experimental groups and one control group. Experimental groups 1-2-3 with the using of chamber, as inhalation 20 minutes were exposure to spray the amount 1 cc of mixture of bleach and detergent by nebulizer. Experimental groups 4-5-6 were for 35 minutes to inhale the same amount of material. Mice killed at 24-48-72 hours after inhalation and the trachea was studied pathology. In microscopic sections of tissue taken from the trachea the experimental group compared with the control group was changed to include: stimulation and activation of the respiratory epithelium hungarian (Mocusa layer), reducing the length of ciliated columnar cells, reducing the number of goblet cells ,loss of cilia, chaos and clutter on the order of tissue. In addition, statistically, the changes in length of ciliated columnar epithelium cells in experimental groups 3 and 6 seen significantly decreased than control group and the number of experimental groups 2 and 4 goblet cells significantly increased compared to control group, experimental group 6 was significantly decreased than the control group. As a result discussion, increasing the inhalation time of mixing bleach and detergent, also as time passed, cause to increase the tissue damage and changes.

Keywords

References

  1. Bagchi K. and S. Puri, 1998. Free radicals and
  2. anti oxidants inhalation and disease,
  3. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal.;
  4. : 350-360.
  5. Barrow C.S., Y. Alarie, J. C. Warrick, M.F.
  6. Stock, 1977. Comparison of the sensory
  7. irritation response in mice to chlorine and
  8. hydrogen chloride. Arch Environ Health.
  9. Mar-Apr; 32(2): 68-76.
  10. Blanc P.D., M. Galbo, P. Hiatt and K.R. Olson,
  11. Morbidity following acute irritant
  12. inhalation in a population based study.
  13. JAMA,; 266: 664-9.
  14. Das R. and P.D. Blanc, 1993. Chlorine gas
  15. exposure and the lung: a review. Toxicol.
  16. Ind. Health,; 9(3):439-55.
  17. Dence C. W. and W. Douglas, 1996. Pulp
  18. Bleaching, Textile Association of Pulp
  19. and Paper Industry,: 65-69
  20. Florian M., 2003. The nature and mechanism of
  21. superoxide production by the electron
  22. transport chain, Journal of Association of
  23. Physicians of India,; 4: 227ââ‚‌“253.
  24. Gapany-Gapanavicius M., A. Yellin, S. Almog,
  25. M. Tirosh, 1982. Pneumomediastinum. A
  26. complication of chlorine exposure from
  27. mixing household cleaning agents.
  28. JAMA, Jul 16; 248(3): 349-50.
  29. Gilchrist H.L. and PB. Matz, 1933 b. The
  30. residual effects of warfare gases: the use
  31. of chlorine gas, with report of cases. Med.
  32. Bull. Vet. Adminis.,; 9: 229-270.
  33. Grime k. and A. Class, 1990. Laundry Bleaches
  34. and Activators, Chemistry and
  35. Industry,:647- 49
  36. Haghighatpajoh H. and R. Jamshidi, 2006.
  37. Identifying and detergent technology, first
  38. printing, Publishing Mobtakeran.: 15-9.
  39. Han D., E. Williams and E. Cadenas, 2001.
  40. Mitochondrial respiratory chaindependent
  41. generation of superoxide anion
  42. and its release into the intermembrane
  43. space. Biochem. J, 353: 411ââ‚‌“6.
  44. Harman D., 1992. Role of free radicals in aging
  45. and disease. Annals of New York
  46. Academy of Sciences, , 673:126-141.
  47. Hayaishi O., 1969. Enzymatic hydroxylation. Am
  48. Rev. Biochem, 38: 21-44.
  49. Hedges J.R. and W.L. Morrissey, 1979. Acute
  50. chlorine gas exposure. JACEP, Feb; 8(2):
  51. -63.
  52. Jiang K., L. Buckley and k. Morgan,
  53. Pathology of Toxic Responses to
  54. the RD50Concentration of Chlorine
  55. Gas in the Nasal Passages of Rats
  56. and Mice, Toxicol Appl
  57. Pharmacol;71:225-236
  58. Jones R.N., J.M. Hughes, H. Glindmeyer and H.
  59. Weill, 1986. Lung function after acute
  60. chlorine exposure. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis.,
  61. Dec; 134(6): 1190-5.
  62. Klonne D., C. Ulrich, M. Riley, T. Hamm, K.
  63. Morgan and C. Barrow, One-year
  64. inhalation toxicology study of chlorine in
  65. rhesus monkeys, Fundam. Appl. Toxical.,
  66. : 557-572
  67. Malcolm,B. H., Poisoning Due to Chlorine Gas,
  68. CARPIN; 81:42-45
  69. Martinez T.T. and C. Long, 1995. Explosion risk
  70. from swimming pool chlorinators and
  71. review of chlorine toxicity. J. Toxicol.
  72. Clin. Toxicol.,; 33(4): 349-54.
  73. Patel, R. P, 2003. The biochemistry of nitric
  74. oxide and peroxynitrite implications for
  75. mitochondrial function. In Packer L,
  76. Cadenas E Understanding the process of
  77. aging: the roles of mitochondria, free
  78. radicals, and antioxidants. New York, NY
  79. Marcel Dekker,; 45:39ââ‚‌“56.
  80. Rojhan M., 1992. Color Atlas of Histology and
  81. practical, first printing, Soroush, 291-309.
  82. Schwartz D.A. , 1987. Acute inhalational injury.
  83. Occup. Med., Apr-Jun,; 2(2):297-318.
  84. Trotman E.R., 1968. Textile scouring and
  85. bleaching Saudi Public, Textile Scouring
  86. and Bleaching, 89-94.
Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Volume 1, Issue 1
Summer 2011

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 28 September 2011
  • Revise Date: 10 July 2020
  • Accept Date: 29 October 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics